This qualitative study explored the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptom burden in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), a precursor to multiple myeloma (MM) traditionally considered asymptomatic. Interviews with 15 patients with SMM revealed that most experienced symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pain, which impacted daily functioning and emotional well-being. Emotional effects—like worry, anxiety, and depression—were reported by 80% of participants. Patients also described physical limitations, memory issues, and reduced social engagement. Many symptoms overlapped with those seen in MM. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer core-30 and multiple myeloma 20-item module subscales were generally seen as appropriate patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments, although a few participants noted challenges in isolating SMM-specific effects from other health conditions.

A smaller MM cohort was included to examine symptom progression from SMM to MM, confirming that several symptoms often began during the SMM stage. Despite the small sample size and English-only participation, the study challenges the assumption that SMM is asymptomatic and shows it can significantly affect quality of life. Findings support the use of PRO tools in future SMM research and suggest a need for greater clinical awareness and symptom monitoring in this underserved population.

Reference: Jean-Baptiste M, Gries KS, Lenderking WR, Fastenau J. Symptom burden and health-related quality of life impacts of smoldering multiple myeloma: the patient perspective. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2020;4(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s41687-020-00253-2.