Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, engineered to target tumor-specific antigens, have revolutionized treatment for relapsed or refractory B cell malignancies. CAR T cells targeting CD19, a protein expressed on malignant B cells, have demonstrated high complete response rates in early trials, showing durable remissions in patients with B cell lymphomas, mantle cell lymphoma, and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The success of CD19-targeted CAR T cells led to their FDA approval for these cancers, transforming the treatment landscape for patients who previously had poor outcomes after traditional therapies.

The depth of response, tumor burden, and CAR T cell levels post-infusion are critical factors in predicting long-term remission for patients. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing CAR constructs, improving patient outcomes through dual-targeting approaches, and shortening cell manufacturing times. Studies also explore earlier use of CAR T cells in the treatment process and improving therapies for those who relapse, bringing hope for more durable remissions and potential cures for hematological malignancies.

Reference: Cappell KM, Kochenderfer JN. Long-term outcomes following CAR T cell therapy: what we know so far. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023;20(6):359-371. doi: 10.1038/s41571-023-00754-1.